The Science
The educational framework used by JustProtein is informed by peer-reviewed research in muscle physiology, aging, protein metabolism, and women’s health. All references below are publicly available scientific publications.
This content is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice.
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Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, et al. Age and Ageing (2019). https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy169
Sarcopenia: definition, epidemiology, and pathophysiology. Kim TN, Choi KM. Journal of Bone Metabolism (2013). https://doi.org/10.11005/jbm.2013.20.1.1
Sarcopenia as a risk factor for falls in elderly individuals: results from the ilSIRENTE study. Landi F, Liperoti R, Russo A, et al. Clinical Nutrition (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2012.02.007
Muscle mass index as a predictor of longevity in older adults. Srikanthan P, Karlamangla AS. The American Journal of Medicine (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.02.007
Relative muscle mass is inversely associated with insulin resistance and prediabetes: findings from NHANES III. Srikanthan P, Karlamangla AS. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (2011). https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-0435
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Anabolic signaling deficits underlie amino acid resistance of wasting, aging muscle. Cuthbertson D, Smith K, Babraj J, et al. FASEB Journal (2005). https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.04-2640fje
The response of muscle protein anabolism to combined hyperaminoacidemia and glucose-induced hyperinsulinemia is impaired in the elderly. Volpi E, Mittendorfer B, Rasmussen BB, Wolfe RR. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (2000). https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.12.7021
Alterations in human muscle protein metabolism with aging: protein and exercise as countermeasures to offset sarcopenia. Churchward-Venne TA, Breen L, Phillips SM. BioFactors (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.1138
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Protein ingestion to stimulate myofibrillar protein synthesis requires greater relative protein intakes in healthy older versus younger men. Moore DR, Churchward-Venne TA, Witard O, et al. Journals of Gerontology: Series A (2015). https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glu103
A high proportion of leucine is required for optimal stimulation of the rate of muscle protein synthesis by essential amino acids in the elderly. Katsanos CS, Kobayashi H, Sheffield-Moore M, et al. American Journal of Physiology – Endocrinology and Metabolism (2006). https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00488.2005
Leucine supplementation of a low-protein mixed macronutrient beverage enhances myofibrillar protein synthesis in young men: a double-blind, randomized trial. Churchward-Venne TA, Breen L, Di Donato DM, et al. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2014). https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.068775
Leucine regulates translation initiation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle after exercise. Norton LE, Layman DK. Journal of Nutrition (2006). https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.2.533S
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Dietary protein distribution positively influences 24-h muscle protein synthesis in healthy adults. Mamerow MM, Mettler JA, English KL, et al. Journal of Nutrition (2014). https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.113.185280
Timing and distribution of protein ingestion during prolonged recovery from resistance exercise alters myofibrillar protein synthesis. Areta JL, Burke LM, Ross ML, et al. Journal of Physiology (2013). https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2012.244897
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Protein content and amino acid composition of commercially available plant-based protein isolates. Gorissen SHM, Crombag JJR, Senden JMG, et al. Amino Acids (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-018-2640-5
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Estradiol’s beneficial effect on murine muscle function is independent of muscle activity. Greising SM, Baltgalvis KA, Kosir AM, et al. Journal of Applied Physiology (2011). https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00852.2010