The Science

The educational framework used by JustProtein is informed by peer-reviewed research in muscle physiology, aging, protein metabolism, and women’s health. All references below are publicly available scientific publications.

This content is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice.

    • Anabolic signaling deficits underlie amino acid resistance of wasting, aging muscle. Cuthbertson D, Smith K, Babraj J, et al. FASEB Journal (2005). https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.04-2640fje

    • The response of muscle protein anabolism to combined hyperaminoacidemia and glucose-induced hyperinsulinemia is impaired in the elderly. Volpi E, Mittendorfer B, Rasmussen BB, Wolfe RR. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (2000). https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.12.7021

    • Alterations in human muscle protein metabolism with aging: protein and exercise as countermeasures to offset sarcopenia. Churchward-Venne TA, Breen L, Phillips SM. BioFactors (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.1138

    • Protein ingestion to stimulate myofibrillar protein synthesis requires greater relative protein intakes in healthy older versus younger men. Moore DR, Churchward-Venne TA, Witard O, et al. Journals of Gerontology: Series A (2015). https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glu103

    • A high proportion of leucine is required for optimal stimulation of the rate of muscle protein synthesis by essential amino acids in the elderly. Katsanos CS, Kobayashi H, Sheffield-Moore M, et al. American Journal of Physiology – Endocrinology and Metabolism (2006). https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00488.2005

    • Leucine supplementation of a low-protein mixed macronutrient beverage enhances myofibrillar protein synthesis in young men: a double-blind, randomized trial. Churchward-Venne TA, Breen L, Di Donato DM, et al. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2014). https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.068775

    • Leucine regulates translation initiation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle after exercise. Norton LE, Layman DK. Journal of Nutrition (2006). https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.2.533S

    • Dietary protein distribution positively influences 24-h muscle protein synthesis in healthy adults. Mamerow MM, Mettler JA, English KL, et al. Journal of Nutrition (2014). https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.113.185280

    • Timing and distribution of protein ingestion during prolonged recovery from resistance exercise alters myofibrillar protein synthesis. Areta JL, Burke LM, Ross ML, et al. Journal of Physiology (2013). https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2012.244897

    • Protein content and amino acid composition of commercially available plant-based protein isolates. Gorissen SHM, Crombag JJR, Senden JMG, et al. Amino Acids (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-018-2640-5